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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

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DLPFC-PPC-cTBS effects on metacognitive awareness.

Antonio Martin1, Timothy J Lane2, Tzu-Yu Hsu2

  • 1Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness (GIMBC), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|July 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, but not the parietal cortex, reduced metacognitive efficiency for illusory figures. Findings for real figures were inconclusive, suggesting further investigation into brain regions mediating metacognition.

Keywords:
Continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS)Dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)MetacognitionPosterior parietal cortex (PPC)Visual awareness

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Stimulation

Background:

  • Neuroimaging and lesion studies implicate dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices in visual metacognition.
  • Previous non-invasive brain stimulation studies on these regions' causal role in metacognition have yielded inconsistent results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal role of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices in perceptual metacognition using continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS).
  • To determine if cTBS over these regions affects subjective visibility ratings and metacognitive efficiency in real and illusory figure tasks.

Main Methods:

  • A within-subjects design with three sessions, each applying bilateral cTBS to prefrontal, parietal, or control cortices.
  • Participants performed concurrent real and illusory figure discrimination tasks, with objective performance stabilized using an adaptive staircase procedure.
  • Metacognitive efficiency and visibility ratings were assessed following cTBS.

Main Results:

  • cTBS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, but not the posterior parietal cortex, significantly reduced metacognitive efficiency for Kanizsa illusory figures.
  • No significant disruption in visibility ratings or metacognitive efficiency was observed for the real figure task following cTBS in either region.
  • These differential effects suggest distinct roles for these cortical regions in processing real versus illusory stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex appears to play a causal role in metacognitive efficiency, particularly for illusory stimuli, potentially via expectation generation.
  • The posterior parietal cortex's role in metacognition remains less clear, with inconsistent findings across tasks.
  • The study highlights task-dependent effects of cTBS and the need for further research to definitively establish the causal contribution of these brain regions to metacognitive awareness.