Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

81.8K
Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
81.8K
Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

8.3K
For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
8.3K
Induced-fit Model01:13

Induced-fit Model

81.1K
Most chemical reactions in cells require enzymes—biological catalysts that speed up the reaction without being consumed or permanently changed. They reduce the activation energy needed to convert the reactants into products. Enzymes are proteins, that usually work by binding to a substrate—a reactant molecule that they act upon.
Enzymes exhibit substrate specificity, meaning that they can only bind to certain substrates. This is mainly determined by the shape and chemical...
81.1K
Allosteric Proteins-ATCase01:19

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase

5.8K
Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function.  For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to  N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis...
5.8K
Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

4.0K
The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
Most enzymes...
4.0K
Enzyme Inhibition01:30

Enzyme Inhibition

78.7K
Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
78.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mg<sup>2+</sup>-Dependent Multistep Folding and Stabilization of the GAAA Tetraloop-Receptor Interaction in a Group I Intron.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Mechanistic Insight into Conformational Control of Enzyme Activity by Genetically Encoded Metal-Responsive Switches.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2026
Same author

Determination of molecular excited states <i>via</i> symmetry guided subspace search variational quantum eigensolver.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Stoichiometrically Engineered Hydrated Ionic Liquids Enabling Reinforcement of Enzyme Cascade with Improved Thermodynamic Stability.

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering·2026
Same author

Investigating Opioid Receptor Activity through Biocatalytic Halogenation and Oxidation of Mitragynine.

ACS chemical biology·2026
Same author

Operator commutativity screening and progressive operator block reordering toward many-body inspired quantum state preparation.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Synthetic Porous Carbons for High-Energy, High-Power Supercapacitors.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same journal

Navigating Misfolded Terrain: ER-Associated Degradation of Membrane Proteins.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same journal

Ink Design for Printing Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same journal

Advanced Single-Atom Catalysts for Thermal-Catalytic C1 Chemistry.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same journal

Copper-Dependent Polysaccharide Monooxygenases: Mechanism and Function.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same journal

To Biotic or Abiotic: Biohybrid Systems for Artificial Photosynthesis.

Chemical reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

7.3K

Non-Native Site-Selective Enzyme Catalysis.

Dibyendu Mondal1, Harrison M Snodgrass1, Christian A Gomez1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States.

Chemical Reviews
|July 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enzymes enable site-selective chemical modifications, streamlining synthesis. Protein engineering expands enzyme capabilities for novel reactions and non-native substrates, advancing synthetic chemistry.

More Related Videos

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System
08:10

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System

Published on: August 8, 2016

8.8K
Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates
08:59

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates

Published on: November 23, 2016

15.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2025

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

7.3K
Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System
08:10

Multi-enzyme Screening Using a High-throughput Genetic Enzyme Screening System

Published on: August 8, 2016

8.8K
Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates
08:59

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates

Published on: November 23, 2016

15.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biocatalysis and Protein Engineering
  • Synthetic Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Enzymes naturally perform site-selective transformations.
  • Leveraging enzymes for non-native reactions requires understanding their limitations.
  • Protein engineering can extend enzyme capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review site-selective enzyme catalysis for functional group manipulation and C-H functionalization.
  • To highlight applications using engineered enzymes with non-native substrates and reactions.
  • To explore tools and techniques for expanding non-native enzyme catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on site-selective enzyme catalysis.
  • Discussion of native and engineered enzyme examples.
  • Analysis of chemoenzymatic transformations and target-oriented synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Enzymes offer powerful site-selectivity for chemical synthesis.
  • Engineered enzymes enable novel transformations on non-native substrates.
  • Chemoenzymatic approaches enhance synthetic efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Site-selective enzyme catalysis, especially with engineered enzymes, is crucial for efficient synthesis.
  • Protein engineering is key to overcoming limitations of natural enzymes.
  • Further development of tools and techniques will broaden the scope of biocatalysis.