Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 20, 2025
Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale PFO: An Intervention Sequence
Published on: December 23, 2022
Long-term outcomes of percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defects in children using different devices: A
Hala Elmarsafawy1,2, Mona Hafez1, Gehan A Alsawah1
1Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, El Gomhouria St, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt.
Insights
Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defects (VSD) in children shows good long-term results. This study confirms the safety and effectiveness of transcatheter VSD closure with various devices, highlighting the need for ongoing patient monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Interventional Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Disease
Background:
- Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defects (VSD) in children is established, but long-term outcome data are scarce.
- This study addresses the limited long-term outcome data for transcatheter VSD closure in pediatric patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the long-term outcomes of percutaneous VSD closure in children using a variety of occluder devices.
- To assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter VSD closure in a pediatric cohort.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 75 children undergoing transcatheter closure of perimembranous and muscular VSDs (September 2012 - February 2020).
- Exclusion of patients lost to follow-up within two years post-procedure.
- Comprehensive analysis of patient demographics, procedural details, and long-term follow-up data.
Main Results:
- A high closure success rate of 95.7% at one year was observed.
- The most commonly used devices were Pfm Nit-Occlud LeˆVSD Coil (42.7%) and HyperionTM VSD Muscular Occluder (28%).
- Long-term complications included residual shunting (4%) and mild valve regurgitation (2.7% each for tricuspid and aortic), with one case requiring surgical repair for worsening aortic regurgitation.
Conclusions:
- Transcatheter VSD closure in pediatric patients demonstrates satisfactory long-term outcomes with various devices.
- While post-procedural adverse events are infrequent, continued long-term surveillance is essential for monitoring potential complications.
Background:
The feasibility of percutaneous closure ventricular septal defects (VSD) in children has been previously proven. However, data on long-term outcomes are limited. We aim to evaluate the long-term outcome of our experience with percutaneous closure of VSD using various occluders.
Methods:
Retrospective institutional analysis of children who underwent transcatheter closure of perimembranous and muscular VSDs between September 2012 and February 2020. Patient demographics, procedural, and long-term follow-up data were comprehensively analyzed. Patients who lost to follow-up within two years post-procedure were excluded.
Results:
We identified 75 patients (54.7% males) with a median of 66 months (IQR, 46-96). The closure success rate at one year was 95.7%. Complete heart block was detected in two patients early post-procedure and resolved with steroids. The VSDs were perimembranous (52%), muscular (33.33%), and residual (14.67%). Implanted devices were Pfm Nit-Occlud LeˆVSD Coil (42.7%), HyperionTM VSD Muscular Occluder (28%), Amplatzer VSD muscular occluder (10.7%), Amplatzer Duct Occluder (14.7%), Occlutech Muscular VSD Occluder (2.7%), and Amplatzer Duct Occluder II (1.3%). No new arrhythmia or valve regurgitation was detected after two years post-procedure. Persisted complications on long-term follow-up included: residual shunting in 3(4%), mild tricuspid regurgitation in 2(2.7%), and aortic regurgitation in 2(2.7%), with one immediate post-catheterization mild aortic regurgitation worsened during follow-up, requiring surgical repair of VSD three years after device implantation. No deaths were reported.
Conclusion:
Long-term outcomes of pediatric transcatheter VSD closure using different devices are satisfactory. Post-procedural adverse events are limited, but long-term surveillance is necessary to monitor their progression.
