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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Remote Surgery with Augmented Reality and Robotics for Enhanced Precision and Accessibility
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Virtual and augmented reality in biomedical engineering.

Aya Taghian1, Mohammed Abo-Zahhad2,3, Mohammed S Sayed2,4

  • 1Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt. aya.taghian@ejust.edu.eg.

Biomedical Engineering Online
|July 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extended reality (XR), including augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), is increasingly used in medicine. This review highlights AR/VR applications in surgery, medical education, and rehabilitation, with a focus on millimeter-wave and MIMO systems.

Keywords:
AR in educationAR surgeryAugmented realityBiomedical contextVirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Extended Reality (XR) in Medicine
  • Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) Applications
  • Millimeter-Wave and MIMO Systems for XR

Background:

  • XR technologies are becoming integral to daily life, entertainment, and employment.
  • Medical AR/VR applications span education, image-guided surgery, rehabilitation, and treatment.
  • Research predominantly focuses on surgical and interventional uses, followed by rehabilitation and education.

Approach:

  • A scoping review was conducted using major scientific databases (Semantic Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect) and Google Scholar.
  • Studies published between 2009 and 2023 were analyzed, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Research was categorized into AR/VR in surgery, medical education, rehabilitation, and related systems.

Key Points:

  • 77 publications were selected, categorized into four main groups: surgery (21), medical education (30), rehabilitation (15), and millimeter-wave/MIMO systems (7).
  • The majority of research focuses on medical training and education, with surgical applications as the second most researched area.
  • XR applications in rehabilitation, therapy, and clinical settings are significant, alongside emerging research in XR for MIMO systems.

Conclusions:

  • This review categorizes diverse XR applications in medicine, including surgery, education, and rehabilitation.
  • It emphasizes the growing importance of AR and VR in enhancing medical training and patient care.
  • The study also touches upon the integration of millimeter-wave and MIMO systems within XR for advanced applications.