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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
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Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

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Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
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Applying Lessons From Rheumatology to Better Understand Long COVID.

Don L Goldenberg1

  • 1Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, and Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Long COVID shares symptoms with fibromyalgia and ME/CFS, often without organ damage. Research in long COVID may illuminate causes and treatments for these related chronic conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Long COVID symptoms often lack evidence of organ damage or abnormal biomarkers, particularly in mild SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • Persistent symptoms in long COVID patients resemble those of fibromyalgia (FM) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).
  • Key overlapping symptoms include fatigue, post-exertional malaise, pain, and sleep/cognitive disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the similarities in pathophysiology between long COVID, FM, and ME/CFS.
  • To highlight the potential for shared research and treatment strategies.
  • To emphasize the importance of distinguishing long COVID based on organ damage presence.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of pathophysiologic pathways in long COVID, FM, and ME/CFS.
  • Review of existing literature on immune dysregulation and nervous system dysfunction.
  • Examination of current multidisciplinary treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Analogous pathways include host-microbial interactions, immune dysregulation, and nervous system dysfunction without systemic autoimmunity.
  • Multidisciplinary management strategies used for FM and ME/CFS are being applied to long COVID.
  • Long COVID patient engagement in research offers potential benefits for FM and ME/CFS communities.

Conclusions:

  • Long COVID, FM, and ME/CFS share underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, particularly in the absence of organ damage.
  • Advances in long COVID research could significantly enhance understanding and treatment of FM and ME/CFS.
  • Rheumatologists play a crucial role in long COVID research and patient care.