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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Cellular Differentiation00:57

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How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
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Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells
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Gastruloid-derived primordial germ cell-like cells develop dynamically within integrated tissues.

Christopher B Cooke1,2,3, Christopher Barrington1, Peter Baillie-Benson1,4,5,6

  • 1The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|August 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mouse gastruloids, a 3D model of gastrulation, generate primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) that mimic in vivo development. This model offers new insights into germ cell formation within natural tissue environments.

Keywords:
Cell interactionsEmbryoGastruloidPrimordial germ cellStem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are essential for gamete formation.
  • Current in vitro methods for deriving PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) lack native embryonic context.
  • Existing models do not fully recapitulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of PGC development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of mouse gastruloids as a novel in vitro model for PGC development.
  • To characterize gastruloid-derived PGCLCs (Gld-PGCLCs) and compare them to in vivo PGCs.
  • To explore the self-organizing principles governing PGC specification within gastruloids.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of mouse gastruloids, a 3D in vitro model of gastrulation.
  • Analysis of gastruloid-derived cells for PGC markers and characteristics.
  • Comparative study of Gld-PGCLCs with in vivo PGCs.
  • Investigation of cellular interactions and tissue organization within gastruloids.

Main Results:

  • Mouse gastruloids spontaneously generate a population of Gld-PGCLCs resembling early PGCs.
  • Gld-PGCLCs exhibit coordinated spatial and temporal localization with surrounding somatic cells within gastruloids.
  • PGC specification and maturation occur through self-organized cellular and tissue interactions, independent of exogenous PGC-specific signals or extra-embryonic tissues.
  • The endodermal epithelium plays a role in Gld-PGCLC specification and maturation.

Conclusions:

  • Mouse gastruloids provide a new and valuable in vitro source of PGCLCs.
  • Gastruloids serve as a novel model for studying PGC development within integrated, self-organizing tissue environments.
  • This model system advances our understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms governing germ cell formation during early embryogenesis.