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Rab Cascades01:25

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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Rab Proteins01:14

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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

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SNHG15 aids SARS-CoV-2 entry via RABL2A.

Samuel Pushparaj1,2, Chaitanya Gandikota1,2, Kishore Vaddadi1,2

  • 1Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA.

RNA Biology
|August 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) promotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry. This long noncoding RNA aids viral entry by interacting with Rab-like protein 2A (RABL2A).

Keywords:
RABL2ASARS-CoV-2SNHG15host factorslong noncoding RNAsvirus entry

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes specific host factors for cellular entry.
  • While protein factors are known, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in SARS-CoV-2 entry is largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of small nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) in the entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To elucidate the molecular interactions and pathways mediated by SNHG15 during viral entry.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus system with a luciferase reporter assay.
  • Manipulated the expression levels of SNHG15 and Rab-like protein 2A (RABL2A) through overexpression and knockdown techniques.
  • Assessed the impact of these manipulations on viral entry efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Overexpression of SNHG15 significantly enhanced SARS-CoV-2 entry, while SNHG15 knockdown inhibited it in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
  • SNHG15 was found to interact with RABL2A, another protein involved in regulating viral entry.
  • Modulating RABL2A expression mimicked the effects of SNHG15 on viral entry, and RABL2A knockdown abrogated the SNHG15-induced increase in viral entry.

Conclusions:

  • SNHG15 acts as a crucial regulatory factor facilitating SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells.
  • The interaction between SNHG15 and RABL2A is essential for SNHG15's role in promoting viral entry.