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Published on: October 7, 2011

NAD+ metabolism at the host-virus interface.

Prince Jhandai1,2, Kishore Vaddadi1,2, Lin Liu1,2

  • 1Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.

The Journal of General Virology
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is vital for cellular functions. Viruses disrupt NAD+ metabolism, impacting replication and persistence, suggesting metabolic resilience as a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy.

Keywords:
CD38coronavirusinfluenza A virusnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolismpoly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs)sirtuins

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Virology
  • Metabolic pathways

Background:

  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a crucial coenzyme for cellular energy production, DNA repair, and immune signaling.
  • Viral infections significantly impact NAD+ metabolism, influencing pathogen replication and persistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of NAD+ metabolism and its regulatory enzymes.
  • To discuss the intricate relationship between NAD+ homeostasis and viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of NAD+ metabolism and viral interactions.
  • Analysis of NAD+-consuming enzymes like sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38/CD157.
  • Examination of how viruses manipulate NAD+ biosynthesis and consumption.

Main Results:

  • Viruses actively alter NAD+ levels to promote their survival and replication.
  • Key enzymes regulating NAD+ are targets for viral manipulation.
  • Disruption of NAD+ homeostasis is a common viral strategy.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding viral manipulation of NAD+ metabolism is key to developing novel antiviral therapies.
  • Targeting metabolic resilience offers a potential broad-spectrum antiviral approach.
  • Further research into NAD+ pathways could uncover new therapeutic targets.