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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
Published on: October 7, 2011
NAD+ metabolism at the host-virus interface
Prince Jhandai1,2, Kishore Vaddadi1,2, Lin Liu1,2
1Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
Abstract:
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is one of the most important metabolic coenzymes that not only drives redox reactions and energy production but also acts as a critical substrate for several enzymes involved in immune signalling, DNA repair and epigenetic regulation. Viral infections are known as potent modulators of NAD+ metabolism, with pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus, Zika virus, herpes simplex virus and human immunodeficiency virus altering NAD+ biosynthesis and consumption to benefit their persistence and replication. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of NAD+ metabolism and its regulatory enzymes: sirtuins, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases and CD38/CD157. We then discuss the interplay between NAD+ homeostasis and virus infection. Understanding how diverse viruses manipulate NAD+ metabolism could lead to broad-spectrum antiviral strategies grounded in metabolic resilience.
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