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Updated: Jul 20, 2025

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
Published on: April 28, 2022
Graham D Glancy1, Kiran Patel1, Marissa Heintzman1
1Dr. Glancy is Founder, Forensic Psychiatry (Canada), and Forensic Division Director, Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Patel is an Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Staff Psychiatrist, Forensic Division, Complex Care and Recovery Program, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. M. Heintzman is a Research Assistant, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Schneider is Justice of the Ontario Court of Justice and Chair of the Ontario Review Board, Ontario, Canada, and Adjunct Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Self-induced intoxication leading to automatism presents complex legal challenges, particularly concerning vulnerable victims of violence. Legal systems in Canada, the US, and UK show inconsistencies in addressing this issue.
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