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Published on: July 12, 2021
Febrile seizures and convulsions with mild gastroenteritis: age-dependent acute symptomatic seizures
Alberto M Cappellari1, Stefano Mariani2, Gaia Bruschi2
1Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Insights
Febrile seizures (FS) and convulsions in children with gastroenteritis (CwG) are age-dependent acute symptomatic seizures. While sharing similarities, FS and CwG exhibit distinct differences in causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Neurology
Background:
- Febrile seizures (FS) and convulsions in children with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) are acute symptomatic seizures.
- These seizures are transient and occur in infants and young children, likely due to brain immaturity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing literature on patients experiencing FS and CwG.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, covering the period from January 1960 to October 2022.
- Key parameters analyzed included epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, electroencephalographic findings, diagnostic studies, and treatment approaches.
Main Results:
- Febrile seizures and convulsions in children with gastroenteritis share an age-dependent pattern.
- Significant differences were observed between FS and CwG in terms of pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies.
Conclusions:
- Acute symptomatic seizures encompass those caused by brain pathologies and reversible factors.
- FS and CwG are distinct categories of "age-dependent acute symptomatic seizures" with a self-limited course.
Background:
Febrile seizures (FS) and benign convulsions in children with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) are acute symptomatic seizures, transiently occurring in infants and young children, probably related to the immaturity of the brain. Our paper aims to review the literature data on patients with FS and CwG.
Methods:
A review of series of patients with FS and CwG was performed by literature search on PubMed January 1960 to October 2022. Several parameters were considered, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, electroencephalographic findings and other diagnostic studies, and treatment.
Results:
FS and CwG share an age-dependent course, but they show significant differences in the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic studies, and treatment.
Conclusion:
Acute symptomatic seizures include seizures that are caused by acute structural brain pathologies, such as stroke, as well as seizures that are provoked by a reversible factor, such as hyponatraemia, although the two groups should be not equated. Furthermore, FS and CwG should be set apart as "age-dependent acute symptomatic seizures", reinforcing the concept of their self-limited course over a certain period.
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