Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

27.0K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
27.0K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

10.4K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
10.4K
Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis01:13

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

3.0K
Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...
3.0K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.4K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.4K
Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

7.4K
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
7.4K
Reactivity of Enolate Ions01:23

Reactivity of Enolate Ions

2.6K
Enolate ions are formed by the acid–base reaction of a carbonyl compound with a base. This leads to deprotonation of the α hydrogen atom, leading to a resonance-stabilized enolate ion where one of the contributing structures is an oxyanion, which imparts additional stability. Therefore, the proton on the α carbon is more acidic in nature than that of other sp3-hybridized C–H bonds but less acidic than those in O–H bonds where the negative charge in the conjugate...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Isolating Coupled Effects by Interface Editing of Intermetallic Heterostructures for Fuel Cells.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Two-dimensional iridium-cobalt oxide for high-efficiency acidic oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysis.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Two-Dimensional New Phase Zirconium Dioxide Supported Platinum Interface for Acidic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Designable Multiphase Nanocrystals Based on Phase Rearrangement.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Two-Dimensional Metastable-Phase Nickel Hexagonal Nanosheets for Highly-Performance Electrochemical Acetone Hydrogenation.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Continuous flow photosynthesis of methanol from methane by plasmonic charge accumulation.

Nature communications·2025
Same journal

Sodium-Based Battery Component Design: Imitating Lithium or Forging New Paths?

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Enhancing Birefringence of Sulphates by Polarity Modification in Planar Cations.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

In Situ Atomic-Scale Observation of Preferential Premelting at Oxide Crystal Defects.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Thickness-Dependent Semiconductor-Metal Transition in Two-Dimensional Nonlayered Magnetic CuCo<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Programmable Control Over Radical and Non‑Radical Pathways in Fenton‑Like Catalysis via Carbon‑Encapsulated Iron Nanoreactors.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Self-Powered MXene@Perovskite Thermoelectric Skin for Multimodal Mid-Infrared Sensing and Human Signal Recognition.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
11:38

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

Published on: February 1, 2020

16.0K

Two Dimensional Ir-Based Catalysts for Acidic OER.

Hao Yu1,2, Jia Ke1, Qi Shao1

  • 1College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional (2D) iridium (Ir) catalysts show promise for advancing acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers. These advanced 2D Ir materials offer enhanced activity and stability for efficient hydrogen production.

Keywords:
2D materialsIr-based catalystsacidic mediaoxygen evolution reaction (OER)

More Related Videos

On the Preparation and Testing of Fuel Cell Catalysts Using the Thin Film Rotating Disk Electrode Method
12:12

On the Preparation and Testing of Fuel Cell Catalysts Using the Thin Film Rotating Disk Electrode Method

Published on: March 16, 2018

22.1K
Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
10:01

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Published on: December 4, 2017

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2025

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
11:38

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

Published on: February 1, 2020

16.0K
On the Preparation and Testing of Fuel Cell Catalysts Using the Thin Film Rotating Disk Electrode Method
12:12

On the Preparation and Testing of Fuel Cell Catalysts Using the Thin Film Rotating Disk Electrode Method

Published on: March 16, 2018

22.1K
Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
10:01

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Published on: December 4, 2017

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Acidic water splitting for hydrogen production is crucial but limited by the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers.
  • Iridium (Ir)-based materials are state-of-the-art catalysts for acidic OER, offering good stability but requiring activity improvements.
  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials present advantages like high surface area and unique properties for advanced electrocatalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advantages of 2D catalysts in electrocatalysis.
  • To introduce the classification, synthesis, and OER achievements of 2D Ir-based materials.
  • To discuss the future prospects and challenges for 2D Ir catalysts in acidic OER.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of 2D materials for electrocatalysis.
  • Classification and synthesis methods of 2D Ir-based materials (metals, alloys, oxides, perovskites).
  • Analysis of recent achievements in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance.

Main Results:

  • 2D materials offer high surface area, unique electrical properties, and facile modification for enhanced catalytic performance.
  • Various 2D Ir-based materials, including pure metals, alloys, oxides, and perovskites, have been synthesized and studied for OER.
  • Significant progress has been made in improving the activity and stability of Ir-based catalysts through 2D material design.

Conclusions:

  • 2D Ir-based materials are highly attractive for developing efficient and stable catalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
  • Further research into synthesis and application of 2D Ir materials is essential for advancing proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers.
  • Overcoming current challenges will pave the way for practical hydrogen production via electrochemical water splitting.