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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

24
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
12

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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Pediatric Post Heart Transplant Recipients with Advanced CAV: Delaying the Inevitable.

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Elevated Aortic Stiffness after Pediatric Heart Transplantation.

John-Anthony Coppola1, Dipankar Gupta2, Dalia Lopez-Colon1

  • 1Congenital Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Pediatric Cardiology
|August 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric heart transplant recipients show increased aortic stiffness and lower aortic distensibility compared to healthy children. These arterial changes may impact long-term transplant health and risk of coronary allograft vasculopathy.

Keywords:
Arterial stiffnessCoronary allograft vasculopathyHeart transplantationPediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Arterial stiffness is linked to end-organ damage in adults.
  • Increased arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction may contribute to microvascular dysfunction and coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV).
  • Data on arterial stiffness in pediatric heart transplant recipients and its relation to CAV is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess aortic stiffness and distensibility in pediatric patients post-heart transplantation.
  • To investigate potential alterations in aortic biomechanical properties following pediatric heart transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, observational study in patients aged <21 years.
  • Transthoracic echocardiographic M-mode measurements of ascending (donor) and descending (recipient) aorta.
  • Calculation of Aortic Distensibility (AD) and Aortic Stiffness Index (ASI) using validated methods.

Main Results:

  • 39 heart transplant (HT) patients and 47 healthy controls were recruited.
  • Ascending aorta distensibility was significantly lower in HT patients (4.87) vs. controls (10.53, p<0.001).
  • Ascending aorta stiffness index was significantly higher in HT patients (4.63) vs. controls (2.21, p<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric heart transplant recipients exhibit altered ascending aortic distensibility and stiffness.
  • These findings suggest potential biomechanical changes in the aorta post-transplantation.
  • Further research is needed to determine the impact on complications like coronary artery vasculopathy.