Area of Science:

• Pediatric endocrinology
• Adolescent psychiatry
• Gender studies

Background:

• The Danish national gender dysphoria service for youth (established 2016) was founded on international clinical experience and early studies suggesting benefits of early medical transition.
• An increasing number of referrals, particularly among adolescent females, has been observed internationally and in Denmark.
• High rates of psychiatric comorbidities and diverse developmental pathways for gender identity present significant challenges.

Approach:

• This review synthesizes current literature and clinical observations regarding the Danish context.
• It examines the impact of rising referral rates and complex patient profiles on healthcare provision.
• The review considers international trends and their influence on national services.

Key Points:

• The initial model for youth gender services emphasized early medical intervention.
• Referral numbers have surged, especially for adolescent natal females.
• Co-occurring mental health conditions and varied gender identity development complicate care pathways.

Conclusions:

• The rapid increase in referrals and patient complexity necessitate a re-evaluation of service models for gender dysphoria in adolescents.
• Adapting healthcare strategies is crucial to meet the evolving needs of gender-diverse youth.
• Further research is needed to understand long-term outcomes and optimize interventions.