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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

76.1K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

10.9K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
9.2K
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

28.5K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
28.5K
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

6.5K
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
6.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells
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Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells

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Transcription Factor Dynamics: One Molecule at a Time.

Kaustubh Wagh1,2, Diana A Stavreva1, Arpita Upadhyaya2,3

  • 1Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; email: kaustubh.wagh@nih.gov, stavrevd@mail.nih.gov, hagerg@exchange.nih.gov.

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|August 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells dynamically regulate gene expression through transcription factors (TFs) interacting with chromatin. Understanding these dynamic TF-chromatin interactions is crucial for deciphering developmental trajectories and disease progression.

Keywords:
chromatin dynamicsgene regulationgenome organizationsingle-molecule trackingtranscription factor dynamicstranscriptional bursting

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Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cells require precise gene expression control for development and function.
  • Environmental cues trigger signaling cascades that alter gene expression.
  • Transcription factors (TFs) bind DNA to regulate gene activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dynamic nature of transcription factor functions.
  • To explore how TF dynamics influence gene expression.
  • To highlight challenges and future technologies in transcriptional regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Live-cell imaging techniques to observe TF-chromatin dynamics.
  • Analysis of signaling cascades transmitting environmental cues.
  • Review of existing literature on TF-chromatin interactions.

Main Results:

  • TF-chromatin interactions are highly dynamic.
  • TF dynamics significantly impact transcriptional bursting.
  • Transient TF interactions can have long-term biological consequences.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamic nature of TF function is central to cellular responses.
  • Further research into TF dynamics is needed to understand development and disease.
  • Emerging technologies promise deeper insights into transcriptional regulation.