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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

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For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Essential Metal Uptake in Gram-negative Bacteria: X-ray Fluorescence, Radioisotopes, and Cell Fractionation
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Development of metal radioactive liquid reference material for proficiency test.

S H Lee1, Y Jung1, M J Lee1

  • 1Environmental Radioactivity Safety Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|August 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study created metal radioactive liquid reference materials for nuclear waste radiation measurement quality assurance. Proficiency tests revealed good agreement for some isotopes but discrepancies for others, highlighting the need for certified reference materials.

Keywords:
(134)Cs(137)Cs(60)Co(90)SrMetal scrapsProficiency testReference material

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Radiochemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Nuclear power plants generate metallic waste requiring accurate radiation measurement for safe operation and decommissioning.
  • Existing reference materials may not adequately represent the complex matrix of metallic radioactive waste.
  • Quality assurance in radioactive waste management is crucial for regulatory compliance and environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate liquid reference materials for metallic radioactive waste.
  • To assess the performance of laboratories in measuring key radionuclides in metallic waste.
  • To establish a basis for future certified reference material (CRM) development.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of liquid reference materials by dissolving stainless steel components (Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn) and incorporating standard radioactive sources (Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Sr-90).
  • Comparison of theoretical and measured massic activities of gamma and beta emitters.
  • Proficiency testing of three laboratories using the developed reference materials, with results evaluated via Z-score.

Main Results:

  • Good agreement was observed between theoretical and measured values for gamma and beta emitters within a one-sigma confidence interval.
  • Proficiency testing showed good agreement for Cs-137 and Co-60, but underestimation for Cs-134 and overestimation for Sr-90 by participating labs.
  • Identified specific radionuclides requiring improved measurement accuracy in radioactive metal waste analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed metal radioactive liquid reference materials are suitable for quality assurance in radiation measurements of metallic waste.
  • The study identified areas for improvement in laboratory performance for specific radionuclides.
  • The materials show promise for future registration as certified reference materials (CRMs) for radioactive metal waste analysis.