Twelve tips to aid interpretation of post-assessment psychometric reports

Post-assessments psychometric reports are a vital component of the assessment cycle to ensure that assessments are reliable, valid and fair to make appropriate pass-fail decisions. Students' scores can be summarised by examination of frequency distributions, central tendency measures and dispersion measures. Item discrimination indicies to assess the quality of items, and distractors that differentiate between students achieving or not achieving the learning outcomes are key. Estimating individual item reliability and item validity indices can maximise test-score reliability and validity. Test accuracy can be evaluated by assessing test reliability, consistency and validity and standard error of measurement can be used to measure the variation. Standard setting, even by experts, may be unreliable and reality checks such as the Hofstee method, P values and correlation analysis can improve validity. The Rasch model of student ability and item difficulty assists in modifying assessment questions, pinpointing areas for additional instruction. We propose 12 tips to support test developers in interpreting structured psychometric reports, including analysis and refinement of flawed items and ensuring fair assessments with accurate and defensible marks.