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Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
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Speciation-by-Extinction.

Glenn F Seeholzer1,2, Robb T Brumfield3

  • 1Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.

Systematic Biology
|August 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Speciation-by-extinction, a new model, proposes that extinction of intermediate populations can drive the formation of new species. This overlooked mechanism relies on geographic variation and local extinctions, common in nature.

Keywords:
Speciationextinctionintraspecific variationspeciation mechanisms

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Speciation Mechanisms
  • Biodiversity Dynamics

Background:

  • Extinction is a major driver of biodiversity patterns.
  • The role of extinction as a catalyst for speciation, particularly through intraspecific variation, has been largely overlooked.
  • Existing speciation models do not fully account for the interplay between extinction and intraspecific variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and synthesize the concept of "speciation-by-extinction" as a novel speciation model.
  • To explore the unique properties and distinguishing features of speciation-by-extinction compared to other speciation models.
  • To demonstrate the plausibility of speciation-by-extinction through experimental evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized existing ideas from evolutionary theory, including Darwin's.
  • Developed the theoretical framework for the speciation-by-extinction model.
  • Conducted experiments involving the selective extinction of populations within geographically variable species.

Main Results:

  • Experimental extinction of intermediate populations within variable species led to speciation.
  • Identified geographically structured intraspecific variation and local extinction as key prerequisites for this mechanism.
  • Demonstrated that these prerequisites are widespread in natural environments.

Conclusions:

  • Speciation-by-extinction is a plausible and potentially prevalent mechanism driving the formation of new species.
  • This model offers a new perspective on the interplay between extinction, intraspecific variation, and biodiversity.
  • Further research is needed to fully appreciate the significance of speciation-by-extinction in evolutionary history.