Eosinophilic myocarditis: from etiology to diagnostics and therapy

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Immunology
• Pathology

Background:

• Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is a rare, life-threatening inflammatory heart disease.
• It involves eosinophilic infiltration of the myocardium, with diverse etiologies including autoimmune diseases, infections, and drug reactions.
• Clinical presentations vary widely, from chronic restrictive cardiomyopathy to acute cardiogenic shock.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the etiopathogenesis, clinical spectrum, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic considerations for eosinophilic myocarditis.
• To highlight the diagnostic challenges and the importance of timely intervention.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on eosinophilic myocarditis.
• Discussion of diagnostic tools including echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and endomyocardial biopsy.
• Exploration of potential etiologies and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

• EM has a broad range of causes and clinical presentations.
• Diagnosis relies on a combination of non-invasive imaging and invasive biopsy.
• Genetic and environmental factors, including SARS-CoV-2, require further investigation.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis of EM is challenging but essential for initiating appropriate immunosuppressive therapy.
• Further research is needed into the genetic and environmental factors contributing to EM.
• Multimodal diagnostic strategies are key to managing this rare condition.