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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Allergenicity of partially hydrolyzed whey and casein formulas evaluated by ImmunoCAP inhibition assay and basophil

Takeshi Matsubara1, Fuka Ishikawa1, Chisato Inuo2

  • 1Health Care & Nutrition Science Institute, R&D Section, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan.

Frontiers in Allergy
|August 7, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Partially hydrolyzed formulas (PHF) show varying tolerability in infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA). PHF1 and PHF2 demonstrate similar to higher tolerability compared to partially hydrolyzed whey formula (PHWF1), indicating formula composition impacts allergic responses.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Partially hydrolyzed formula (PHF) is a common starter for infants when exclusive breastfeeding isn't feasible.
  • Infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA) may experience allergic reactions to cow's milk proteins.
  • Assessing the tolerability of different PHFs in infants with CMA is crucial for safe infant feeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the in vitro and ex vivo characteristics of two whey and casein PHFs (PHF1, PHF2).
  • To compare the antigenicity and allergenic potential of PHF1 and PHF2 against a partially hydrolyzed whey formula (PHWF1).
  • To determine the tolerability of PHFs in infants diagnosed with CMA.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified residual antigenicity of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and casein using ELISA.
  • Determined molecular weight profiles via high-pressure liquid chromatography.
  • Assessed IgE reactivity (ImmunoCAP inhibition) and basophil activation (using blood from CMA patients) for each formula.

Main Results:

  • PHF1 exhibited similar β-LG and slightly higher casein antigenicity than PHWF1, with greater IgE reactivity but comparable basophil activation.
  • PHF2 demonstrated lower antigenicity, IgE reactivity, and basophil activation compared to PHWF1.
  • All participants (n=10) had casein-specific IgE, confirming CMA diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • PHF1 and PHF2 show similar and improved tolerability, respectively, in infants with CMA compared to PHWF1.
  • The degree of IgE binding to PHFs does not always correlate with basophil activation, suggesting a complex immune response.
  • These findings aid in selecting appropriate starter formulas for infants with CMA.
Abstract

Keywords:
allergenicitybasophil activation testcow’s milk allergyimmunoCAP inhibition assaypartially hydrolyzed formula

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