Impact of Interleukin-10 Promoter Region Polymorphisms on Recurrent Miscarriage: A Case-Control Approach

Area of Science:

• Reproductive immunology
• Human genetics
• Molecular biology

Background:

• Recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects 0.8%–13.5% of women, with multifactorial causes including genetic, anatomical, hormonal, and immunological factors.
• Idiopathic RM accounts for approximately half of all cases, highlighting the need for further etiological investigation.
• Understanding the genetic underpinnings of RM is crucial for developing targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between specific Interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene polymorphisms and the risk of recurrent miscarriage (RM) in the Indian population.
• To analyze the genotypic and allelic frequencies of IL-10 polymorphisms rs1800872 and rs1800896 in RM patients and healthy controls.
• To provide baseline genetic data on RM within the Indian demographic context.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study involving 199 women with RM and 215 healthy controls from the Indian population.
• Genotyping of IL-10 polymorphisms rs1800872 and rs1800896 was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based methods.
• Statistical analyses included Student's t-test, Pearson's Chi-square test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and analysis of allelic, genotypic, and haplotype frequencies using SPSS.

Main Results:

• No significant difference in genotypic or allelic frequencies was observed for the IL-10 rs1800872 polymorphism between RM cases and controls (P > 0.05).
• The GG genotype (P = 0.007) and G allele (P = 0.003) of the IL-10 rs1800896 polymorphism were significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrent miscarriage.
• Significant differences were found for dominant and co-dominant genetic models of rs1800896, but haplotype analysis did not reveal any specific risk haplotypes for RM.

Conclusions:

• The IL-10 rs1800896 polymorphism, specifically the GG genotype and G allele, is associated with an increased risk of recurrent miscarriage in the Indian population.
• The rs1800872 polymorphism of IL-10 does not appear to be a significant risk factor for RM in this cohort.
• This study provides novel insights into the genetic susceptibility of RM in India, particularly concerning IL-10 gene variations.