Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease: diagnosis and current management

Nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (N‑ERD) is a unique and often clinically severe disease affecting a subgroup of adults with asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and respiratory reactions with exposure to all cyclooxygenase 1-inhibiting nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs. N‑ERD has a high disease burden and is estimated to affect 7% of adults with asthma and 30% of patients who have both asthma and nasal polyps. The disease is underdiagnosed and underrecognized by physicians on a routine basis, which leads to a delay in appropriate management. The goal of this review is to focus on the disease recognition, diagnosis, and different modes of up‑to‑date therapies, including medical management, surgical intervention, aspirin desensitization, and biologic therapy.