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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

4.7K
Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

2.4K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.4K
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

3.7K
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
3.7K
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

5.8K
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

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Puzzling out nuclear pore complex assembly.

Arianna Penzo1, Benoit Palancade1

  • 1Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.

FEBS Letters
|August 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are built through intricate cellular strategies involving nucleoporin production and assembly. Understanding NPC biogenesis offers insights into general multiprotein complex formation.

Keywords:
co-translational assemblymultiprotein complex assemblynuclear envelopenuclear pore complexnucleoporin

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
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In Vitro Nuclear Assembly Using Fractionated Xenopus Egg Extracts
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
  • NPCs are large, intricate assemblies of proteins called nucleoporins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of NPC assembly.
  • To explore cellular strategies for nucleoporin production and NPC formation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on NPC structure and biogenesis.
  • Analysis of nucleoporin production, oligomerization, and NPC assembly.

Main Results:

  • NPC assembly involves constraints in nucleoporin production and organization.
  • Cellular strategies include co-translational assembly and cofactor involvement.
  • NPC biogenesis shares principles with other multiprotein complex formation.

Conclusions:

  • NPC assembly is a complex process with specific cellular strategies.
  • Studying NPCs enhances understanding of general multiprotein complex biogenesis.