Low-Profile, Large-Range Compressive Strain Sensing Using Micromanufactured CNT Micropillar Arrays

Tactile sensors, or sensors that collect measurements through touch, have versatile applications in a wide range of fields including robotic gripping, intelligent manufacturing, and biomedical technology. Hoping to match the ability of human hands to sense physical changes in objects through touch, engineers have experimented with a variety of materials from soft polymers to hard ceramics, but so far, all have fallen short. A grand challenge for developers of "human-like" bionic tactile sensors is to be able to sense a wide range of strains while maintaining the low profile necessary for compact integration. Here, we developed a low-profile tactile sensor (∼300 μm in height) based on patterned, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (PVACNT) that can repetitively sense compressive strains of up to 75%. Upon compression, reversible changes occur in the points of contact between CNTs, producing measurable changes in electrical admittance. By patterning VACNT pillars with different aspect ratios and pitch sizes, we engineered the range and resolution of strain sensing, suggesting that CNT-based tactile sensors can be integrated according to device specifications.