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Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of oxygenic, phototrophic bacteria that played a pivotal role in converting Earth’s atmosphere from anoxic to oxygen-rich billions of years ago. They exhibit remarkable morphological diversity, ranging from unicellular forms to filamentous types, with cell sizes varying between 0.5 μm and 100 μm. Cyanobacteria are classified into five groups: Chroococcales (unicellular, dividing by binary fission), Pleurocapsales (unicellular, dividing by...
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Assembly and Quantification of Co-Cultures Combining Heterotrophic Yeast with Phototrophic Sugar-Secreting Cyanobacteria
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Phenotypically complex living materials containing engineered cyanobacteria.

Debika Datta1, Elliot L Weiss2,3, Daniel Wangpraseurt1,2

  • 1Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

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|August 7, 2023
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Researchers developed 3D-printed living materials using cyanobacteria. These engineered materials can sense chemical signals and perform functions like bioremediation, offering programmable environmental solutions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Engineered living materials integrate biological components with material science for responsive applications.
  • Cyanobacteria offer a photosynthetic chassis for developing self-sustaining, functional biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and demonstrate a 3D-printed cyanobacterial biocomposite material.
  • To engineer the material for sensing chemical stimuli and producing functional outputs.
  • To explore applications in environmental bioremediation and biocontainment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing 3D printing (additive manufacturing) to create complex shapes with cyanobacteria in a hydrogel matrix.
  • Employing synthetic biology tools, including riboswitches, to control gene expression (e.g., fluorescent protein reporters).
  • Engineering cyanobacteria strains for specific functions like dye decolorization (laccase enzyme) and inducible cell death.

Main Results:

  • Successfully 3D printed cyanobacterial biocomposites with controlled shapes.
  • Demonstrated stimulus-responsive gene expression using a synthetic riboswitch.
  • Showcased the material's ability to decolorize indigo carmine dye, indicating bioremediation potential.
  • Engineered inducible cell death for biocontainment and environmental safety.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printing enables the creation of programmable, stimuli-responsive photosynthetic biocomposite materials.
  • Engineered cyanobacteria within these materials can perform valuable functions like bioremediation.
  • The developed technology offers a platform for advanced living materials with applications in environmental management and beyond.