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Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Munro Scale for Perioperative Patients, Part I: Correlation, Multiple
Cassendra A Munro1,2, Ying Hong Jiang3
1Office of Research, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA munroconsulting@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
Background and Purpose: Patients undergoing surgery are at risk of pressure injury development and should be assessed to ensure measures are taken for prevention. The study's purpose was to examine the causal relationships and reliability of the Munro Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale for Perioperative Patients (Munro Scale). The Munro Scale is the first dynamic risk scale available for this patient population in the acute clinical setting. Methods: This study was a retrospective review to explore the relationships of the variables in the Munro Scale, identify the strongest predictors, and measure the reliability of previously collected data from two northeastern community hospitals. A total of 630 risk assessments were analyzed to obtain regression, correlation, and reliability evidence for the Munro Scale. Results: The correlation analysis among the 15 risk variables and combined comorbidities revealed commonalities among the variables and significant relationships to the final postoperative injury score. The model as a whole is significant to predict the final level of risk. Coefficient alpha revealed a lower than anticipated reliability when compared to the Chinese, Turkish, and Brazilian versions of the Munro Scale. Conclusions: There are significant relationships among the variables, and the scale is acceptable for use in the acute perioperative practice setting. This study has both clinical and statistical significance.
Insights
The Munro Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale for Perioperative Patients (Munro Scale) effectively predicts surgical patient risk. While its reliability requires further study, the scale is suitable for acute perioperative settings.
Area of Science:
- Perioperative Medicine
- Nursing Research
- Patient Safety
Background:
- Surgical patients face risks of pressure injury development.
- Proactive assessment and prevention measures are crucial for this population.
- The Munro Scale offers a dynamic approach to risk assessment in acute care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the causal relationships and reliability of the Munro Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale for Perioperative Patients (Munro Scale).
- To identify the strongest predictors of pressure injury risk within the Munro Scale.
- To assess the scale's suitability for the acute clinical setting.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 630 risk assessments from two community hospitals.
- Analysis of variable relationships, predictor strength, and scale reliability using regression and correlation.
- Evaluation of coefficient alpha for reliability evidence.
Main Results:
- Significant relationships were found among the 15 risk variables and comorbidities, correlating with postoperative injury scores.
- The overall model demonstrated significance in predicting the final risk level.
- Reliability, measured by coefficient alpha, was lower than anticipated compared to international versions.
Conclusions:
- The Munro Scale demonstrates significant internal variable relationships and is acceptable for acute perioperative use.
- The scale holds both clinical and statistical significance for pressure injury risk assessment.
- Further research may be needed to enhance the scale's reliability.
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