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Related Concept Videos

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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In situ neutron diffraction for analysing complex coarse-grained functional materials.

Manuel Hinterstein1,2, Lucas Lemos da Silva1,2, Michael Knapp2

  • 1Fraunhofer IWM, Freiburg, Germany.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|August 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neutron diffraction enables in situ investigation of complex functional materials, revealing electric-field-induced phase transformations in barium titanate. This method elucidates strain mechanisms and stress interplay related to grain size and domain dynamics.

Keywords:
applied electric fieldsbarium titanatecoexisting phasescomplex functional materialsgrain sizesin situmicrostructuresneutron diffractionstrain mechanisms

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Complex functional materials are vital for energy applications.
  • Investigating their structural mechanisms is challenging due to coexisting phases and microstructures.
  • Synchrotron limitations in sample volume complicate studies of microstructural features like grain size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of neutron diffraction for in situ investigation of complex functional materials.
  • To reveal structural mechanisms in materials with highly correlated coexisting phases.
  • To analyze electric-field-induced phase transformations in barium titanate concerning grain size and frequency.

Main Methods:

  • In situ neutron diffraction experiments.
  • Application of an electric field to barium titanate samples.
  • Analysis of structural phase transformations and strain mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Neutron diffraction successfully investigated complex functional materials under in situ conditions.
  • Electric-field-induced phase transformation in barium titanate was detailed, varying with grain size and frequency.
  • Strain mechanisms and the interplay of stresses with grain size, domain-wall density, and mobility were uncovered.

Conclusions:

  • In situ neutron diffraction is a valuable method for studying complex functional materials, especially those with large grain sizes.
  • The study provides insights into the behavior of barium titanate under electric fields.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing materials in energy-related applications.