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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2
11:32

High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2

Published on: January 16, 2017

High-pressure powder x-ray diffraction cell for soft materials.

Lukas Sippach1,2, Henrique Geraissate3, Sebastian A Hallweger1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel high-pressure powder X-ray diffraction cell enables precise characterization of soft crystalline materials. This advancement is crucial for understanding the behavior of materials like metal-organic frameworks under pressure.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Characterizing soft crystalline materials under pressure is challenging.
  • Existing methods may lack the resolution or pressure range for these materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a new high-pressure powder X-ray diffraction (HP-PXRD) cell.
  • To enable precise measurements of soft, compressible materials up to 0.8 GPa.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a new HP-PXRD cell for quasi-hydrostatic pressures.
  • Utilized pressure increments of 50 bar and automated cyclic measurements.
  • Tested the cell's performance using Ni(dmg)2 as a benchmark.

Main Results:

  • The cell achieves high resolution in the low-pressure regime.
  • Demonstrated suitability for soft, highly compressible materials like MOFs and coordination polymers.
  • Validated performance against established literature values.

Conclusions:

  • The developed HP-PXRD cell is effective for studying soft crystalline materials.
  • Its modular design allows for integration with other analytical techniques.
  • Opens new avenues for high-pressure research on soft materials.