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A solar/radiative cooling dual-regulation smart window based on shape-morphing kirigami structures.

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This study introduces a novel dual-control smart window using kirigami and hydrogel for improved building energy efficiency. The innovative design enhances both solar control and radiative cooling, offering superior durability and performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Building Physics
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Buildings account for significant global energy consumption, with windows being a major source of inefficiency.
  • Conventional smart windows primarily control solar transmittance, neglecting radiative cooling, and existing dual-control solutions have durability and performance limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel dual-control smart window that simultaneously manages solar transmittance and radiative cooling.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing smart window technologies, focusing on enhanced durability and energy-saving performance.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a smart window design integrating a reconfigurable kirigami structure with a polydimethylsiloxane-laminated thermochromic hydrogel coated with silver nanowires.
  • The design utilizes the thermochromic hydrogel's phase transition for solar gain control and the kirigami structure's emissivity modulation for radiative cooling.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a solar transmittance modulation of approximately 24% and long-wave infrared emissivity regulation of 0.5.
  • Demonstrated significantly improved durability, with a lifespan nine times longer than conventional smart hydrogels.
  • The design effectively suppresses solar heat gain in summer and heat radiation in winter.

Conclusions:

  • The novel dual-control smart window offers a promising solution for energy-efficient and durable building envelopes.
  • This approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art smart windows in dual solar/radiative cooling regulation.
  • The integrated kirigami and hydrogel system provides a robust and effective method for dynamic thermal management in buildings.