Covalent Organic Framework-Based Nanomotor for Multimodal Cancer Photo-Theranostics

Developing efficient integrated diagnosis and treatment agents based on fuel-free self-movement nanomotors remains challenging in antitumor therapy. In this study, a covalent organic framework (COF)-based biomimetic nanomotor composed of polypyrrole (PPy) core, porphyrin-COF shell, and HCT116 cancer cell membrane coating is reported. Under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the obtained mPPy@COF-Por can overcome Brownian motion and achieves directional motion through self-thermophoretic force generated from the PPy core. The HCT116 cancer cell membrane coating enables the nanomotor to selectively recognize the source cell lines and reduces the bio-adhesion of mPPy@COF-Por in a biological medium, endowing with this NIR light-powered nanomotor good mobility. More importantly, such multifunctional integration allows the COF-based nanomotor to be a powerful nanoagent for cancer treatment, and the high infrared thermal imaging/photoacoustic imaging/fluorescence trimodal imaging-guided combined photothermal/photodynamic therapeutic effect on HCT116 tumor cell is successfully achieved. The results offer considerable promise for the development of COF nanomotors with integrated imaging/therapy modalities in biomedical applications.