Evolutionary dynamics and adaptive analysis of Seneca Valley virus

Area of Science:

• * Virology
• * Evolutionary Biology
• * Bioinformatics

Background:

• * Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is an emerging pathogen causing significant economic losses in swine.
• * SVV infections exhibit symptoms similar to foot-and-mouth disease, complicating diagnosis and control.
• * Increasing SVV prevalence in Brazil, China, and the United States necessitates a deeper understanding of its epidemiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To investigate the evolutionary dynamics, phylogeography, and codon usage bias of Seneca Valley virus (SVV).
• * To elucidate the genetic diversity, spatiotemporal distribution, and adaptive mechanisms of SVV.
• * To provide insights into the origin and spread of SVV for improved surveillance and control strategies.

Main Methods:

• * Comprehensive analysis of SVV genomic sequence data.
• * Phylogenetic analysis to determine evolutionary relationships and lineage diversification.
• * Phylogeographic analysis to infer geographical origins and spread patterns.
• * Analysis of positive selection sites and codon usage bias to understand evolutionary adaptations.

Main Results:

• * SVV has evolved into eight distinct lineages.
• * Phylogeographic analysis suggests the United States as a potential origin for SVV dissemination.
• * Positive selection sites in SVV capsid proteins may play a role in receptor recognition.
• * Natural selection is identified as a key driver of SVV codon usage bias.

Conclusions:

• * Understanding SVV's genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns is crucial for disease management.
• * The findings highlight the importance of continued SVV surveillance and the implementation of effective control measures.
• * This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of SVV's global emergence and adaptation.