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Which measures of perceived vulnerability predict protective intentions-and when?

Jillian O'Rourke Stuart1, Paul D Windschitl2, Elaine Bossard3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Virginia Military Institute, 319 Letcher Avenue, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA. stuartjl@vmi.edu.

Journal of Behavioral Medicine
|August 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Understanding perceived vulnerability to health threats is key for predicting protective behaviors. Experiential and affective measures consistently predict intentions, while numeric and comparative measures depend on the risk information provided.

Keywords:
Comparative riskHealth decision makingPerceived vulnerabilityPreventionRisk perceptionsVaccination intentions

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Area of Science:

  • Health Psychology
  • Risk Perception Research
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Assessing perceived vulnerability to health threats is crucial for understanding risk conceptualization and predicting protective behaviors.
  • Limited consensus exists on which perceived vulnerability measures best predict behavior.
  • The type of risk information individuals receive may influence the predictive accuracy of different vulnerability measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test whether the predictive ability of different perceived vulnerability measures varies based on the type of risk information provided.
  • To identify which measures of perceived vulnerability are most effective in predicting protective intentions across different information contexts.
  • To broaden the generalizability of prior findings on perceived vulnerability and risk communication.

Main Methods:

  • Online study with 909 participants assessing perceived vulnerability and vaccination intentions regarding a novel respiratory disease.
  • Participants received different types of risk information: comparative-only, comparative plus base-rate, or comparative plus absolute risk estimates.
  • Measured perceived vulnerability using experiential, affective, deliberative numeric, and comparative scales.

Main Results:

  • Experiential and affective measures of perceived vulnerability consistently predicted protective intentions across all information conditions.
  • Deliberative numeric and comparative measures' predictive ability varied depending on whether participants received base-rate or absolute risk information.
  • The type of risk information significantly moderated the predictive power of certain perceived vulnerability measures.

Conclusions:

  • Experiential and affective measures offer robust prediction of protective intentions regardless of risk information format.
  • The effectiveness of deliberative numeric and comparative measures is contingent on the specific type of risk information presented.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering information context when selecting measures for assessing perceived vulnerability and guiding health protective behaviors.