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Recent advances of nanocrystals in cancer theranostics
Devyani Yenurkar1, Malay Nayak1, Sudip Mukherjee1
1School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU Varanasi-221005 UP India sudip.bme@iitbhu.ac.in.
Abstract:
Emerging cancer cases across the globe and treating them with conventional therapies with multiple limitations have been challenging for decades. Novel drug delivery systems and alternative theranostics are required for efficient detection and treatment. Nanocrystals (NCs) have been established as a significant cancer diagnosis and therapeutic tool due to their ability to deliver poorly water-soluble drugs with sustained release, low toxicity, and flexibility in the route of administration, long-term sustainable drug release, and noncomplicated excretion. This review summarizes several therapies of NCs, including anticancer, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, biotheranostics, targeted therapy, photothermal, and photodynamic. Further, different imaging and diagnostics using NCs are mentioned, including imaging, diagnosis through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), biosensing, and luminescence. In addition, the limitations and potential solutions of NCs in the field of cancer theranostics are discussed. Preclinical and clinical data depicting the importance of NCs in the spotlight of cancer, its current status, future aspects, and challenges are covered in detail.
Insights
Nanocrystals (NCs) offer a promising solution for cancer theranostics, enabling efficient drug delivery and advanced diagnostics. This review explores NCs
Area of Science:
- Nanomedicine and Cancer Theranostics
Background:
- Conventional cancer therapies face limitations in efficacy and drug delivery.
- There is a growing need for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cancer management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse applications of Nanocrystals (NCs) in cancer theranostics.
- To summarize NC-based therapies, imaging, diagnostics, and their limitations.
- To discuss the current status and future prospects of NCs in oncology.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of Nanocrystal applications in cancer research.
- Analysis of various therapeutic modalities utilizing Nanocrystals.
- Examination of Nanocrystal-based imaging and diagnostic techniques.
- Discussion of preclinical and clinical data on Nanocrystal efficacy and safety.
Main Results:
- Nanocrystals facilitate the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs with sustained release and low toxicity.
- NCs are versatile in various cancer therapies including anticancer, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and photothermal/photodynamic treatments.
- NCs enable advanced diagnostics through MRI, CT, biosensing, and luminescence imaging.
- Preclinical and clinical data highlight the significant role of NCs in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Conclusions:
- Nanocrystals represent a significant advancement in cancer theranostics, offering improved drug delivery and diagnostic capabilities.
- Addressing the limitations of NCs is crucial for their broader clinical implementation.
- NCs hold substantial promise for the future of personalized cancer care and management.
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