Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 19, 2025
10:38
Fluorescence in situ Hybridizations FISH for the Localization of Viruses and Endosymbiotic Bacteria in Plant and Insect Tissues
Published on: February 24, 2014
23.6K
Turnip yellows virus variants differ in host range, transmissibility, and virulence
B S Congdon1, J R Baulch2, F F Filardo3
1Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia. benjamin.congdon@dpird.wa.gov.au.
Archives of Virology
|August 10, 2023
Summary
Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) variants show distinct phenotypes affecting host range and virulence in canola. Understanding these differences is crucial for managing this economically significant plant virus.
Area of Science:
- Plant Virology
- Molecular Plant Pathology
- Agricultural Science
Background:
- Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) is a globally significant, genetically diverse virus impacting various crops, particularly canola (Brassica napus).
- Australian TuYV isolates exhibit significant genetic variation in open reading frame 5 (ORF 5), encoding the P5 protein, which influences host adaptation and aphid transmission.
- This variation results in three distinct phylogenetic groups: P5-I, P5-II, and P5-III, with limited amino acid sequence identity (45-49%).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the phenotypic differences among three Australian TuYV isolates representing the P5-I, P5-II, and P5-III variants.
- To assess variations in host range, vector specificity, transmissibility, and virulence of these TuYV isolates.
Main Methods:
- Glasshouse experiments were conducted to evaluate three TuYV isolates (5414 (P5-I), 5509 (P5-II), and 5594 (P5-III)).
- Host range was tested on faba bean, chickpea, and lettuce.
- Aphid transmission efficiency was assessed using Myzus persicae, Brevicoryne brassicae, and Lipaphis pseudobrassicae.
- Virus titers in canola were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and virulence was assessed by symptom severity and seed yield impact.
Main Results:
- Isolate P5-I5414 infected faba bean, P5-II5509 infected chickpea, and P5-I5414 and P5-III5594 infected lettuce.
- Myzus persicae transmitted all isolates, while B. brassicae and L. pseudobrassicae did not.
- P5-I5414 demonstrated significantly higher transmission rates (82%) and virus titers in canola compared to P5-II5509 and P5-III5594.
- P5-I5414 exhibited greater virulence in canola, causing more severe symptoms and yield loss.
Conclusions:
- Phenotypic variation exists among Australian TuYV P5 variants, impacting host range, transmission efficiency, and virulence.
- Analysis of ORF 5 alone is insufficient for categorizing TuYV strains.
- Further sequencing and phenotyping of field isolates are necessary for accurate strain classification and effective disease management strategies.
More Related Videos
11:12Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm
Published on: April 12, 2017
8.6K
06:25Localization and Quantification of Begomoviruses in Whitefly Tissues by Immunofluorescence and Quantitative PCR
Published on: February 8, 2020
5.7K
Related Concept Videos
01:29Subviral Agents
41
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
41
00:57Viral Recombination
23.5K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.5K
00:36Viral Mutations
32.4K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.4K
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
56
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
56
01:26Size and Structure of Viral Genomes
61
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
61