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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

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The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
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Immunity is a crucial biological concept about our body's inherent capacity to prevent infections and diseases. A complex network of cells and tissues collectively known as the immune system facilitates this natural defense mechanism. The immune system plays an integral role in maintaining our health and well-being, shielding us from potential health threats.
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Immunological Memory01:23

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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Immunology and microbiome: Implications for motor systems.

Yasamin Mahjoub1, Davide Martino2

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

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|August 10, 2023
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Summary

Immune and gut health are linked to neurodegenerative motor disorders like Parkinson's and ALS. Research also explores these connections in neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Adaptive immunityAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisAnimal modelsGut microbiotaHuntington's diseaseInnate immunityMetabolomicsMicrobiomeParkinson's diseaseTourette syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Neuroinflammation and immune system dysregulation are implicated in motor neuron diseases such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
  • Gut dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut microbiota, is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor in these neurodegenerative conditions.
  • Emerging evidence suggests immune system involvement and gut dysbiosis may also play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders like Tourette syndrome.

Approach:

  • Investigating the role of glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) in neuroinflammation within motor system disorders.
  • Utilizing preclinical models, including germ-free animal models, to explore the gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration.
  • Examining the impact of immune system development and gut microbiota on neural maturation in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Key Points:

  • Neuroinflammation is a common feature in Parkinson's disease and ALS, involving glial cells and systemic immune changes.
  • Altered gut microbial composition and function are linked to the pathophysiology of these neurodegenerative motor disorders.
  • Microglia modulation presents a potential therapeutic strategy for both neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Research into gut dysbiosis in Tourette syndrome is nascent but indicates a potential role in neural and immune abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Immune-inflammatory mechanisms and gut dysbiosis are critical factors in motor neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Further research into the gut-brain axis is warranted to understand and potentially treat neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Targeting neuroinflammation and the gut microbiome offers promising therapeutic avenues for a spectrum of neurological conditions.