Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

1.4K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.4K
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

253
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
253
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

194
Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
194
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

140
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
140
Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

205
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...
205
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

281
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
281

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From classic to cutting-edge: technological approaches to respiratory physiological signals in assessing sleep-disordered breathing.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine·2026
Same author

Matchmaking: trends in the nrmp sleep match.

ATS scholar·2026
Same author

Beyond time to expand the use of adaptive servo-ventilation.

The European respiratory journal·2026
Same author

The effect of standard time to daylight-saving clock transition on sleep and migraine headaches.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine·2026
Same author

Wearable-derived Sleep Measurements are Associated with Long-COVID in the RECOVER Adult Cohort.

Research square·2025
Same author

Evaluation and management of obstructive sleep apnea in adults hospitalized for medical care: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine·2025
Same journal

Preface.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Foreword.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Fundus autofluorescence imaging.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

The electroretinogram as a means to study the physiology of the retina.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Modeling the human retina in a dish: Advances and future directions.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System
05:59

Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System

Published on: October 20, 2023

2.4K

Sleep-related motor disorders.

Stephanie G Wong1, Yuttiwat Vorakunthada1, Joyce Lee-Iannotti1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|August 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter reviews sleep-related motor disorders, including NREM and REM parasomnias and restless legs syndrome. It details their clinical presentation, epidemiology, and treatments, focusing on motor control during sleep.

Keywords:
Confusional arousalMotor controlParasomniaPeriodic limb movements disorderREM sleep behavior disorderRestless legs syndromeSleep-related eating disorderSleep-related motor disordersSomnambulismSublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus

More Related Videos

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

5.4K
Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System
05:59

Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System

Published on: October 20, 2023

2.4K
A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

5.4K
Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Sleep-related motor disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting movement during sleep.
  • These include non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) parasomnias, rapid-eye movement (REM) parasomnias like REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), and periodic limb movement disorder.
  • Restless legs syndrome (RLS), while occurring awake, is closely linked to sleep and exhibits circadian patterns.

Approach:

  • The chapter reviews the neurobiological underpinnings of motor control during sleep.
  • It specifically examines the role of the pontine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus in regulating motor activity and sleep states.
  • Dysfunction in this area is linked to phenomena such as cataplexy and loss of REM atonia in RBD.

Key Points:

  • Clinical presentation and epidemiology of NREM, REM, and isolated sleep-related motor disorders are summarized.
  • Differential diagnoses for these conditions are discussed.
  • Treatment strategies for various sleep-related motor disorders are outlined.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms of motor control in sleep is crucial for diagnosing and managing related disorders.
  • A comprehensive approach is needed to address the diverse clinical features and treatment requirements of these conditions.
  • Further research into the pontine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus may offer new therapeutic targets.