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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs but also impacts other areas, such as the arms, thereby impairing overall circulation and organ function.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty deposits inside the arterial...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
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Crohn's disease
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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies
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Acute/chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy.

Caroline Miranda1, Thomas H Brannagan1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|August 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune neuropathies, including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), present with varying symptoms and immune pathways. Treatment strategies are employed for both, though responses may differ.

Keywords:
AIDPAcute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathyCIDPChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathyGBSGuillain–Barré syndromeInflammatory neuropathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Autoimmune neuropathies encompass acute and chronic forms, including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).
  • These conditions are characterized by immune-mediated damage to peripheral nerves, presenting with diverse clinical courses from rapid onset to gradual progression.
  • While GBS is often post-infectious, the etiopathogenesis of CIDP is less understood, though both involve complex immune pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune neuropathies are diverse, requiring careful clinical diagnosis supported by diagnostic tools.
  • Understanding the specific immune pathways is crucial for managing these conditions.
  • While treatments exist for both GBS and CIDP, their efficacy can differ, emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic approaches.