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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
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NATCON 2022 Panel discussion: "TB vaccination - Going Forward".

V V Banurekha1, C Padmapriyadarsini1, Salial Bhargava2

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The Indian Journal of Tuberculosis
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Summary

New tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are crucial for the End TB strategy, as current BCG vaccines are ineffective in adults. Promising new TB vaccines in clinical trials aim to prevent infection, disease, and recurrence, potentially reducing incidence by 2025.

Keywords:
BCGTuberculosisVaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, with the End TB strategy requiring effective prevention.
  • Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination provides limited protection against TB in children and is ineffective in adolescents and adults.
  • There is a critical need for novel TB vaccines to supplement existing control measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of TB vaccine development.
  • To highlight the potential impact of new TB vaccines on global TB incidence.
  • To discuss challenges and strategies for accelerating TB vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the TB vaccine development pipeline.
  • Analysis of the potential impact of novel vaccines on TB incidence.
  • Discussion of stakeholder engagement, funding, and advocacy.

Main Results:

  • The TB vaccine development pipeline shows encouraging progress with multiple candidates in human clinical trials.
  • Newer TB vaccines aim to prevent primary infection, disease progression, and recurrence.
  • Therapeutic vaccines are also being developed to improve treatment outcomes and prevent TB recurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Novel, safe, and effective TB vaccines, if introduced by 2025, could significantly reduce TB incidence.
  • Developing an effective TB vaccine is scientifically challenging.
  • Accelerating TB vaccine development requires coordinated stakeholder engagement, funding, and advocacy.