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Related Concept Videos

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

2.2K
Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
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Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes02:36

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

7.6K
Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.8K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.8K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.2K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.2K
Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides02:48

Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides

7.3K
This lesson delves into the conversion of alcohols to corresponding alkyl halides and the mechanism of action for different reagents. Typically, the hydroxyl group is first protonated to convert it to a stable leaving group. Consequently, based on the starting alcohol, the mechanism undergoes either of the nucleophilic substitution routes, SN1 or SN2. Tertiary alkyl halides are made using the two-step SN1 mechanism that occurs via a carbocation intermediate, which is stabilized by...
7.3K
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

8.4K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
8.4K

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Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
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Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

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Cavity-controlled methanol conversion over zeolite catalysts.

Wenna Zhang1, Shanfan Lin1,2, Yingxu Wei1

  • 1National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.

National Science Review
|August 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methanol-to-olefins (MTO) conversion is efficiently controlled by zeolite catalyst cavities. This cavity-controlled principle influences intermediates, reaction routes, deactivation, and diffusion, optimizing MTO processes.

Keywords:
methanol-to-olefinscavity-controlled principledeactivation and diffusionreaction intermediates and routesshape-selective catalysis

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Methanol-to-olefins (MTO) offers a non-petrochemical route for olefin production.
  • Zeolite catalysts with unique structures and acid sites are key to MTO shape-selective catalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cavity-controlled principle governing MTO reactions over 8-MR and cavity-type zeolites.
  • To explore how zeolite microenvironments impact MTO performance, deactivation, and diffusion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of shape-selective catalysis mechanisms in MTO reactions.
  • Analysis of host-guest interactions within zeolite cavities.
  • Investigation of coke formation, reaction networks, and diffusion dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Zeolite cavity structure dictates MTO product distribution, catalyst deactivation, and molecular diffusion.
  • Host-guest interactions within 8-MR and cavity-type zeolites significantly influence reaction pathways.
  • Complex interplay between catalyst, coke, reaction, and diffusion governs MTO performance.

Conclusions:

  • The cavity-controlled principle is fundamental to understanding and optimizing MTO reactions.
  • Strategies inspired by cavity control offer pathways for precise MTO process optimization.
  • 8-MR and cavity-type zeolites demonstrate significant potential for advanced MTO catalysis.