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An Active-Inference Approach to Second-Person Neuroscience.

Konrad Lehmann1, Dimitris Bolis2,3,4,5, Karl J Friston6,7

  • 1Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.

Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|August 11, 2023
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Summary

Second-person neuroscience reveals that real-time social interaction involves complex neural patterns. The active-inference framework explains these patterns through mutual predictions and bodily adaptation, offering insights into social cognition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Social neuroscience traditionally uses a passive, third-person perspective, overlooking real-time social interaction dynamics.
  • Second-person neuroscience highlights distinct neural patterns during actual social engagement compared to observation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To interpret neural correlates of social interaction using the active-inference framework.
  • To explain the mechanisms underlying real-time social cognition in second-person neuroscience studies.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging the active-inference framework to model neural processes.
  • Analyzing counterfactually rich mutual predictions, real-time bodily adaptation, and policy selection.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific neural network activations (default mode, salience, frontoparietal, basal ganglia) during social interaction.
  • Demonstrated how active-inference mechanisms explain these activations.

Conclusions:

  • Active-inference provides a theoretical foundation for understanding bona fide social interaction.
  • This approach bridges experimental second-person neuroscience with theoretical frameworks for real-life social cognition.