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Cochlear hearing loss and viral infection.

G Djupesland, G Flottorp, M Degré

    Acta Oto-Laryngologica
    |March 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Viral infections can cause temporary hearing loss and cranial nerve issues. Most patients recovered fully within a year, suggesting a link to viral meningoencephalitis and polyneuropathy.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Otorhinolaryngology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Cranial nerve affections are common reasons for otolaryngology consultations.
    • Viral infections are implicated in various neurological disorders.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the characteristics and outcomes of hearing loss and cranial nerve dysfunction in patients presenting with these symptoms.
    • To explore the potential link between viral infections and these neurological deficits.

    Main Methods:

    • Neurological, audiological, and laboratory examinations were performed on approximately 100 consecutive patients.
    • Patients with hearing loss were specifically assessed for signs of viral infection.
    • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was conducted.

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    Main Results:

    • Of 34 patients with hearing loss, 12 showed objective signs of viral infection.
    • Hearing loss was sensorineural, with high-frequency and low-frequency (Menière) types observed.
    • Reversible dysfunction of multiple cranial nerves was noted in most examined cases.
    • Elevated cell counts, protein, and gamma-globulin levels were found in cerebrospinal fluid.

    Conclusions:

    • Sensorineural hearing loss is often reversible and associated with viral-induced meningoencephalitis and cranial polyneuropathy.
    • The findings suggest a significant role for viral infections in these neurological presentations.
    • The mechanisms underlying reversible high- and low-frequency hearing loss are discussed.