The Practice of Pancreatoduodenectomy in India: A Nation-Wide Survey

Introduction The way pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is performed can vary a lot around the world, and there is no agreed-upon standard approach. To learn more about how PD is practised in India, a survey was conducted among Indian surgeons to gather information about their current practices. Methods A survey was created and shared with surgeons in India who practice pancreatic surgery. It had 33 questions that aimed to capture information about different aspects of PD practice. These questions covered topics such as the surgeons' education and experience, how they evaluated patients before surgery, what they considered during the operation, and how they managed patients after surgery. Results A total of 129 surgeons were sent the survey, and 110 of them completed it. The results showed that 40.9% of the surgeons had less than five years of experience, and 36.4% of them performed more than 15 PDs in a year. When deciding whether to perform preoperative biliary drainage, 60% of surgeons based their decision on the level of bilirubin in the patient's blood, while the rest considered other specific indications. The majority of surgeons (72.7%) looked at the trend of albumin levels to assess the patient's nutritional status before surgery. Venous infiltration was seen as a reason for neoadjuvant therapy by 76.4% of the participants, whereas 95.5% considered upfront surgery in cases of venous abutment. When it came to the type of PD, 40% preferred classical PD, 40.9% preferred pylorus-resecting PD (PRPD), and the rest chose pylorus-preserving PD (PPPD). Pancreatojejunostomy (PJ) was the preferred method for 77.3% of surgeons, while 6.3% preferred pancreatogastrostomy (PG). About 65.5% of surgeons used octreotide selectively during the operation when the duct diameter was small. Nearly all surgeons (94.5%) preferred to secure feeding access during PD, and all of them placed intraperitoneal drains. As for postoperative care, 37.3% of surgeons attempted early oral feeding within 48 hours, while 28.2% preferred to wait at least 48 hours before initiating oral feeds. Conclusions The survey revealed significant differences in how PD is practised among surgeons in India, highlighting the heterogeneity in their approaches and preferences.