Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cluster Sampling Method

Cluster Sampling Method

Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.

Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals

Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals

According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single electrons in each orbital combine to form an electron pair. The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of overlap of the orbitals involved. Maximum overlap is possible when the orbitals overlap on a direct line between the two nuclei.
A σ bond (single bond in a Lewis structure) is a covalent bond in which the electron density is...

Molecular Orbital Theory II

Molecular Orbital Theory II

Molecular Orbital Energy Diagrams

Molecular Orbital Theory I

Molecular Orbital Theory I

Overview of Molecular Orbital Theory

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Lightweight cloud masking models for on-board inference in hyperspectral imaging.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

epiGPTope: A Machine Learning-Based Epitope Generator and Classifier.

ACS synthetic biology·2026

Same author

Limitations of quantum hardware for molecular energy estimation using VQE.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same author

Does provable absence of barren plateaus imply classical simulability?

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Quantum-inspired clustering with light.

Scientific reports·2024

Same author

Variational tensor neural networks for deep learning.

Scientific reports·2024

Same journal

Correction: A method for supervoxel-wise association studies of age and other non-imaging variables from coronary computed tomography angiograms.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Poly(bromophenol blue)/CoSn(OH)<sub>6</sub> cubic particles modified pencil graphite electrode for electrochemical determination of diphenhydramine.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Dietary Chlorella, Spirulina, and acidifier modulate jejunal cytokine-related gene expression in broiler chickens.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Perceived physical activity barriers in university students: associations with fatigue and eating behaviours.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Refuge limitation structures habitat use in agricultural landscapes: evidence from Sunda pangolins.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Lightweight stateless transaction verification with outsourced witness updates for UTXO blockchains.

Scientific reports·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

Variational quantum and quantum-inspired clustering.

Pablo Bermejo^1,2, Román Orús^3,4,5

¹Multiverse Computing, Paseo de Miramón 170, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain.

Scientific Reports

|August 16, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a quantum clustering algorithm using variational quantum circuits. This method efficiently classifies data into many clusters, even on small quantum devices, showing strong performance with just one qubit.

More Related Videos

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

Area of Science:

Quantum Computing
Machine Learning
Data Science

Background:

Clustering is a fundamental machine learning task for data analysis.
Variational quantum circuits offer a promising avenue for near-term quantum computation.
Existing quantum clustering algorithms often require significant qubit resources.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel quantum algorithm for data clustering.
To demonstrate the algorithm's applicability on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices.
To explore the use of non-orthogonal qubit states for enhanced clustering capabilities.

Main Methods:

The algorithm reduces data clustering to an optimization problem.
It employs a Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) with non-orthogonal qubit states.
Maximally-orthogonal states are used instead of the standard computational basis.

Main Results:

The algorithm successfully classifies data into multiple clusters.
Excellent performance was demonstrated through numerical simulations on real datasets, even with a single qubit.
A tensor network simulation yielded a quantum-inspired clustering algorithm executable on classical hardware.

Conclusions:

This variational quantum circuit-based algorithm offers an efficient approach to data clustering.
The method is suitable for implementation on current NISQ devices.
The use of non-orthogonal states enables handling a large number of clusters with limited qubits.