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Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

2.1K
Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...
2.1K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.1K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.1K
Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

2.1K
A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the...
2.1K
Radical Formation: Addition00:47

Radical Formation: Addition

1.7K
Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an...
1.7K
Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence01:23

Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

2.1K
Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
A pair of electrons in a...
2.1K
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

1.9K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
1.9K

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Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization
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Reversible spin-optical interface in luminescent organic radicals.

Sebastian Gorgon1,2, Kuo Lv3, Jeannine Grüne4,5

  • 1Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. sg911@cam.ac.uk.

Nature
|August 16, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organic molecules now offer efficient luminescence and high-spin states for quantum information science. This breakthrough enables optical readout and room-temperature quantum control, advancing quantum technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Organic Materials Chemistry
  • Spin Physics

Background:

  • Molecules are promising for quantum information science and sensing applications.
  • Robust spin-optical interfaces are crucial for utilizing material quantum resources.
  • Existing carbon-based quantum candidates lack luminescence, hindering optical readout.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop organic molecules with both efficient luminescence and high-spin states.
  • To enable optical readout and room-temperature quantum control in molecular systems.
  • To create a new platform for quantum technologies using molecular spin-optical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Designing energy resonance between emissive doublet and triplet levels in organic molecules.
  • Utilizing covalently coupled tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl-carbazole radicals and anthracene.
  • Investigating photoexcitation delocalization, spin state evolution, and microwave addressability.

Main Results:

  • Achieved efficient luminescence and high-yield generation of excited states with spin multiplicity S > 1.
  • Observed photoexcitation delocalization and evolution to pure high-spin states (quartet/quintet) near 1.8 eV.
  • Demonstrated coherent microwave addressability of high-spin states at 295 K with optical readout via reverse intersystem crossing.
  • Reported strong spin correlation in the biradical ground state return.

Conclusions:

  • Developed organic molecules with integrated luminescence and high-spin states.
  • Established a platform for efficient initialization, spin manipulation, and optical readout at room temperature.
  • Paved the way for organic materials in emerging quantum technologies.