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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Published on: March 6, 2018

Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer-Why Now?

Max Kates¹, Charles G Drake²

¹James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.

Urology Practice

|August 18, 2023

Summary

Immunotherapy shows promise for prostate cancer treatment. Future strategies may combine therapies like vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors to improve patient survival.

Keywords:

immunotherapy prostatic neoplasms

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology

Background:

Immunotherapy is revolutionizing cancer treatment.
Prostate cancer care may significantly benefit from immunotherapy approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the rationale for using immunotherapy in prostate cancer.
To discuss current and emerging immunotherapy treatment strategies for prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

Literature review of immunotherapy in prostate cancer.
Analysis of current treatment strategies and future directions.

Main Results:

Cell-based and viral-based vaccines show potential therapeutic effects.
Immune checkpoint inhibition, specifically CTLA-4 blocking agents, demonstrates promise.

Conclusions:

Combination immunotherapy is anticipated to maximize treatment efficacy.
Future combination strategies aim to improve survival rates for prostate cancer patients.