Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Amperometry: Overview01:10

Amperometry: Overview

603
Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...
603
Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview

239
Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
239
Galvanometer01:25

Galvanometer

2.2K
Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
The galvanometer consists of  two concave-shaped permanent magnets, providing a uniform radial magnetic field in the annular region. In the center, a pivoted coil of fine copper wire is placed in the uniform...
2.2K
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

739
Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
739
Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

5.8K
Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
5.8K
Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

1.2K
In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

On-site microfluidic analysis of combined and individual drug effects on breast cancer spheroids.

Drug development and industrial pharmacy·2026
Same author

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Disturbance rejection in optical fiber specklegram sensors.

Applied optics·2026
Same author

Milliseconds photon-to-photon latency projection system for adaptive optogenetics applications.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Random access vision: an imaging method to observe arbitrary and multiple gaze directions in frame-by-frame manner.

Optics express·2024
Same author

All-fiber broadband spectral acousto-optic modulation of a tubular-lattice hollow-core optical fiber.

Optics letters·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Optical Detection of E. coli Bacteria by Mesoporous Silicon Biosensors
07:22

Optical Detection of E. coli Bacteria by Mesoporous Silicon Biosensors

Published on: November 20, 2013

17.0K

Agar-based optical sensors for electric current measurements.

Eric Fujiwara1, Lidia O Rosa2, Hiromasa Oku3

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-860, Brazil. fujiwara@fem.unicamp.br.

Scientific Reports
|August 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel biodegradable optical electric current sensor using agar. The sensor detects current by analyzing light speckle patterns, offering a low-cost, eco-friendly solution for electrical measurements.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe
07:28

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe

Published on: January 4, 2011

14.2K
A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response
09:03

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Optical Detection of E. coli Bacteria by Mesoporous Silicon Biosensors
07:22

Optical Detection of E. coli Bacteria by Mesoporous Silicon Biosensors

Published on: November 20, 2013

17.0K
Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe
07:28

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe

Published on: January 4, 2011

14.2K
A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response
09:03

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Optical Sensing

Background:

  • Biodegradable optical waveguides are crucial for biomedical and environmental sensing.
  • Agar, an edible and renewable biopolymer, offers excellent optical and mechanical properties.
  • Existing agar-based optical fibers are used for chemical sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop the first all-optical, biodegradable electric current sensor.
  • To utilize agar's thermo-optic properties for current detection.
  • To provide a low-cost and eco-friendly sensing alternative.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed sensor using 2 wt% agar/water spheres and no-core fibers.
  • Applied DC voltage and illuminated the agar sample with coherent light.
  • Analyzed spatiotemporally deviating speckle fields using image correlation coefficients.
  • Measured current direction via light granule polarization.

Main Results:

  • Speckle pattern analysis yielded exponential decay functions correlating to current amperage.
  • Achieved a maximum resolution of 0.4 µA for currents up to 100 µA.
  • Demonstrated visual indication of current direction through light polarization.

Conclusions:

  • The developed agar-based sensor is effective for measuring electric current.
  • The sensor meets requirements for bioelectrical signal assessment.
  • This technology presents a sustainable and cost-effective approach to optical current sensing.