The gut microbiota-brain axis in neurological disorder

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Neuroscience
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• The gut microbiota (GM) significantly impacts host physiology and pathology.
• Microbiota-host communication involves hormones and regulation of bodily activities.
• The central nervous system (CNS) interacts with the gut via neural, immune, endocrine, and chemical pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the connection between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system.
• To explore the signaling pathways involved in this bidirectional relationship.
• To discuss the contribution of gut microbiota dysbiosis to neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
• Analysis of signaling pathways between the gut and CNS.
• Examination of the role of microbial metabolites in host physiology.

Main Results:

• Gut microbiota alterations (dysbiosis) lead to gastrointestinal disorders and impact host physiology.
• Dysbiosis disrupts the CNS-GM relationship, contributing to neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders.
• Gut microbes are implicated as susceptibility factors in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and autism spectrum disorder.

Conclusions:

• The gut microbiota plays a critical role in CNS function and health.
• Disruptions in the gut microbiota are associated with the pathogenesis of various neurological conditions.
• Understanding the gut-CNS axis is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.