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Ice Generation and the Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena of Introducing Water to a Cold Bath of Brine
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Writing Into Water.

Nadir Möller1, Lukas Hecht2, Ran Niu1,3

  • 1Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel fluid writing technique using colloidal particles as ink. This method allows for reconfigurable lines and patterns to be drawn directly in water without a solid surface.

Keywords:
assemblycolloidsmicron-scalemicroswimmerosmotic flow

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science
  • Microscale patterning

Background:

  • Traditional writing relies on solid surfaces and fixed inks.
  • Underwater writing presents unique challenges due to the liquid medium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a new method for writing and drawing in a liquid medium.
  • To explore the assembly of colloidal particles into reconfigurable lines and patterns.
  • To investigate the fundamental principles of fluid-based writing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an ion-exchange bead as a 'pen' to collect sedimented colloidal particles ('ink').
  • Employing gravity and substrate tilting to guide the pen and form lines.
  • Developing a minimal physical model to predict writing behavior.

Main Results:

  • Successfully wrote lines, letters, and complex patterns in water using colloidal particle assembly.
  • Demonstrated that the written lines are durable, high-contrast, and fully reconfigurable.
  • Validated the predictive model for fluid writing parameters.

Conclusions:

  • This novel approach offers a versatile method for writing, drawing, and patterning fluids.
  • The technique is effective even at the micro-scale.
  • It bypasses the need for solid substrates and permanent fixation.