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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Testing for canonical form orientation in speech tempo perception.

Leendert Plug1, Robert Lennon1, Rachel Smith2

  • 1University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|August 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

English listeners

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Speech Perception
  • Phonetics

Background:

  • Listeners often perceive speech tempo based on articulation rate, but the influence of full pronunciation forms (canonical forms) in speech with deletions is debated.
  • Understanding how listeners process speech tempo is crucial for models of speech perception and production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that English listeners rely on canonical forms when judging speech tempo, especially in the presence of phonetic deletions.
  • To investigate whether imposing different interpretations of ambiguous word forms affects perceived speech tempo.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using controlled auditory stimuli featuring sentences with an ambiguous word form (e.g., 'support~sport').
  • Listeners were presented with orthographic forms that either included or excluded a schwa sound, influencing their interpretation of the ambiguous word.
Keywords:
EnglishSpeech tempoarticulation ratedeletionperception

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  • Tempo judgments were collected using a rating task (Experiment 1) and a comparison task (Experiment 2).

    • Main Results:

    • Both experiments showed a small but significant effect: sentences with an imposed 'schwa' interpretation were perceived as faster than those with a 'no schwa' interpretation.
    • The perceived tempo was influenced by the listener's imposed interpretation of the word, aligning with the canonical form hypothesis.
    • Experimental design variables also had significant effects on tempo judgments, indicating a complex interplay of factors.

    Conclusions:

    • English listeners do orient to canonical forms when judging speech tempo, even when deletions are present.
    • The perceived tempo of speech is relative and influenced by the listener's interpretation of word forms.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand the interplay between phonetic details, listener interpretation, and speech tempo perception.