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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice
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Ancestry-based differences in the immune phenotype are associated with lupus activity.

Samantha Slight-Webb1, Kevin Thomas1,2, Miles Smith1

  • 1Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.

JCI Insight
|August 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately affects Black women, with distinct immune system differences observed between Black and White patients. These ancestry-associated immune changes may explain SLE severity and progression disparities.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityCytokinesImmunologyLupusSignal transduction

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately impacts Black women, presenting with earlier onset, increased severity, and higher mortality rates compared to White women.
  • Existing research indicates significant health disparities in SLE outcomes between racial groups, necessitating a deeper understanding of underlying biological mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ancestry-associated immune system alterations in Black and White patients with SLE and healthy controls using a multiomics approach.
  • To identify specific immune cell phenotypes, epigenetic modifications, and molecular signaling pathways that contribute to SLE disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a multiomics strategy including mass cytometry, single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics, and plasma cytokine analysis.
  • Assessed cell composition, signaling, epigenetics (H3K27ac), and proteomics in immune cells and plasma from SLE patients and healthy controls stratified by ancestry.
  • Utilized Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation assays to validate observed immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Observed distinct immune cell alterations, including enhanced activity in CD8+ T cells, B cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) in Black patients with active SLE.
  • Identified specific epigenetic modifications (H3K27ac) in CD8+ T cells that correlate with disease activity and differentiate between Black and White patients.
  • Found elevated TLR gene expression and heightened TLR/IFN-α signaling pathways in immune cells from Black patients with SLE and even in healthy Black controls compared to White individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Defined ancestry-associated immune phenotypes in SLE, highlighting differences in immune cell activity, epigenetics, and signaling pathways between Black and White patients.
  • These immune variations may biologically contribute to the observed disparities in SLE severity, progression, and outcomes.
  • The findings provide a multiomic resource for understanding SLE heterogeneity and developing targeted therapeutic strategies.