Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

9.5K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
9.5K
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

3.0K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.0K
Bacterial Protein Maturation01:26

Bacterial Protein Maturation

36
Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...
36

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Human Ornithine Aminotransferase by Ethynyl- and Nitrile-Substituted Cyclopentene Analogues of γ-Aminobutyric Acids.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 cooperatively regulate thymic epithelial cell function to prevent early-onset thymic involution.

Cell death and differentiation·2026
Same author

Deep Proteoform Sequencing with Top-Down Direct Mass Technology.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Characterizing Antibody-Drug Conjugates with High Molecular Heterogeneity by Native Direct Mass Technology.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Practical statistics for bioimage analysis - a guide to experimental design and data interpretation.

Journal of cell science·2026
Same author

BDNF Regulates Pituitary Stem Cell Engagement towards precursor state.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Isolation and Culture of Human Mature Adipocytes Using Membrane Mature Adipocyte Aggregate Cultures MAAC
06:28

Isolation and Culture of Human Mature Adipocytes Using Membrane Mature Adipocyte Aggregate Cultures MAAC

Published on: February 13, 2020

19.2K

Epi-microRNA mediated metabolic reprogramming ensures affinity maturation.

Rinako Nakagawa, Miriam Llorian, Sunita Varsani-Brown

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |August 23, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    MicroRNA-155 helps high-affinity B cells survive and grow by improving their energy production (OXPHOS) in germinal centers. This epigenetic regulation protects these crucial cells during antibody affinity maturation.

    More Related Videos

    A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
    06:48

    A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

    Published on: June 16, 2022

    2.0K
    A Protocol for the Identification of Protein-protein Interactions Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling, Immunoprecipitation, Quantitative Mass Spectrometry and Affinity Modulation
    14:44

    A Protocol for the Identification of Protein-protein Interactions Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling, Immunoprecipitation, Quantitative Mass Spectrometry and Affinity Modulation

    Published on: September 24, 2012

    20.6K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

    Isolation and Culture of Human Mature Adipocytes Using Membrane Mature Adipocyte Aggregate Cultures MAAC
    06:28

    Isolation and Culture of Human Mature Adipocytes Using Membrane Mature Adipocyte Aggregate Cultures MAAC

    Published on: February 13, 2020

    19.2K
    A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
    06:48

    A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

    Published on: June 16, 2022

    2.0K
    A Protocol for the Identification of Protein-protein Interactions Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling, Immunoprecipitation, Quantitative Mass Spectrometry and Affinity Modulation
    14:44

    A Protocol for the Identification of Protein-protein Interactions Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling, Immunoprecipitation, Quantitative Mass Spectrometry and Affinity Modulation

    Published on: September 24, 2012

    20.6K

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology
    • Epigenetics

    Background:

    • Positively selected germinal center B (GC-B) cells must divide in the hypoxic light zone (LZ) to mature antibody affinity.
    • The metabolic adaptations enabling GC-B cell proliferation in the LZ remain unclear.

    Approach:

    • Investigated the role of microRNA (miR)-155 in metabolic reprogramming of GC-B cells during positive selection.
    • Utilized transcriptome examination and mass spectrometry to analyze miR-155's regulatory mechanisms.
    • Examined the interaction between miR-155, Kdm2a, and histone methylation (H3K36me2) under hypoxic conditions.

    Key Points:

    • miR-155 promotes metabolic adaptation in high-affinity GC-B cells within the germinal center light zone.
    • miR-155 represses Kdm2a, a hypoxia-induced histone demethylase, thereby regulating H3K36me2 levels.
    • This regulation enhances oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by optimizing nuclear mitochondrial gene expression under hypoxia.
    • The miR-155-Kdm2a pathway prevents excessive reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis, ensuring cell survival.

    Conclusions:

    • miR-155-mediated epigenetic regulation is essential for enhancing mitochondrial fitness in high-affinity GC-B clones.
    • This metabolic adaptation supports GC-B cell expansion and subsequent antibody affinity maturation.
    • The findings reveal a novel mechanism controlling B cell metabolism and survival during an immune response.